CLINICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF REPRODUCTIVE DYSFUNCTION IN ADENOMYOSIS

Abstract

Adenomyosis, a condition where the uterine lining tissue grows into the muscular wall of the uterus, can cause a variety of symptoms. While some women may experience no symptoms at all, others may suffer from heavy and prolonged menstrual bleeding, severe period pain and chronic pelvic pain. Other potential symptoms include painful intercourse, an enlarged uterus, and even infertility. Adenomyosis is a common hormone-dependent gynecological pathology characterized by endometriotic tissue invasion into the myometrium, chronic inflammation, and reproductive dysfunction. Immunological mechanisms underlying infertility in adenomyosis remain poorly understood, which determines the relevance of targeted studies. The aim of the study was to evaluate the characteristics of serum levels ofproinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in women with adenomyosis depending on their reproductive status. The study included 66 women of reproductive age, including 41 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of adenomyosis: 23 with preserved fertility and 18 with primary infertility. The control group consisted of 25 clinically healthy women of the same age range (25-35 years). Serum levels of MCP-1, IP-10, IL-6, and IL-2 were studied using ELISA. The obtained results showed a significant increase in the levels of MCP-1 and IL-6, as well as a decrease in IP-10 and IL-2 in women with adenomyosis compared to the control group. The identified molecules can be considered as potential biomarkers of adenomyosis development.