THE IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF DENTAL CARIES

Abstract

This article analyzes the role of environmental factors in the onset and progression of dental caries. Scientific literature highlights the influence of fluoride concentration in drinking water, air and soil pollution, heavy metals in the environment, as well as socio-hygienic conditions and the biogenic composition of the diet on caries prevalence. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), dental caries affects 60–90% of children and 30–50% of adults worldwide. Research indicates that insufficient fluoride levels in drinking water can increase caries prevalence by 2–3 times, while elevated levels of heavy metals (lead, cadmium) reduce enamel resistance. This analytical work aims to evaluate ecological factors and develop evidence-based preventive strategies for caries control.