Modern treatment methods of rheumatoid arthritis

Abstract

It is known that RA is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation of connective tissue, lead- ing to joint damage and functional impairment. Immune system dysregulation, particularly involving cytokines like TNF-α and IL-6, plays a crucial role in RA development. Current treatment strategies focus on early diagnosis, aggres- sive anti-inflammatory therapy, and the use of innovative gene-engineered biological drugs (GEBD) in combination with traditional medications like methotrexate. The goal is to achieve clinical remission, reduce joint damage, and im- prove patients’ quality of life. While GEBDs have shown efficacy in RA treatment, their early use may not always be necessary or cost-effective. Comorbid conditions and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on autoimmune diseases, including RA, are also areas of ongoing research. Additionally, the role of vitamin D deficiency in RA pathogenesis and joint remodeling post-pandemic is being explored.