Restoration of Class V Lesions with an Innovative In-Situ Heating Protocol: Impact on Composite Surface Microhardness and Periodontal Health

Abstract

The longevity of resin composite restorations in Class V cervical defects is strictly limited by the unique biomechanical and microenvironmental challenges of the cervical region. Unlike occlusal restorations, cervical cavities terminate primarily in dentin or cementum, which exhibit lower mineral density, reduced inorganic content, and a significantly more complex, highly hydrated tubular structure than enamel. Furthermore, clinical isolation during Class V procedures routinely utilizes a rubber dam combined with continuous high-velocity aspiration (HVA) to ensure an absolute moisture-free operational field. While this protocol effectively prevents moisture and saliva contamination, the continuous convective airflow across the isolated site and the lack of proximal tissue contact dramatically lower the baseline temperature of the isolated tooth substrate from a physiological state (34°C–35°C) down to ambient room temperature (20°C–24°C)