http://repo.tma.uz/xmlui/handle/1/3909 NEUROLOGICAL COMPLICATIONS OF COVID-19: FROM ACUTE ENCEPHALOPATHY TO LONG-TERM COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT Bakhodir Rakhimov, Erkin Sultanov, Marjona Soliboyeva Background: The SARS-CoV-2 virus exerts profound effects on the central and peripheral nervous system, producing a spectrum of neurological manifestations ranging from mild headache and anosmia to life-threatening encephalitis, stroke, and Guillain-Barre syndrome. Long-term neurological sequelae — including cognitive impairment, mood disorders, and autonomic dysfunction — constitute a major component of Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS CoV-2 (PASC). Objective: This review examines the mechanisms, clinical spectrum, diagnostic approach, and management of COVID-19 neurological complications. Methods: Narrative review of neurological COVID-19 literature from PubMed, Neurology, JAMA Neurology, and Lancet Neurology, 2020–2024. Results: Neurological manifestations occur in 36–85% of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Key mechanisms include neuroinflammation, cerebrovascular injury, direct viral neuroinvasion, and autoimmune processes. Long-term cognitive sequelae affect millions globally. Conclusion: Neurologists, internists, and rehabilitation specialists must be equipped to recognize and manage COVID-19 neurological complications, and research into targeted neuroprotective therapies is urgently needed. 2026-04-01T00:00:00Z http://repo.tma.uz/xmlui/handle/1/3908 ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS OF DUST AND PARTICULATE MATTER AIR POLLUTION ON THE HUMAN BODY:MECHANISMS, EVIDENCE, AND PUBLIC HEALTH RESPONSES Bakhodir Rakhimov, Erkin Sultanov, Maryam Sharapova, Bobomurodova Sevinch Background: Ambient air pollution, particularly particulate matter (PM) arising from dust, industrial emissions, and vehicular exhaust, constitutes the world's largest single environmental health risk. Objective: This article examines the pathophysiological mechanisms by which inhaled particulate matter damages multiple organ systems, reviews epidemiological evidence linking dust exposure to specific disease outcomes, and evaluates public health interventions for mitigation. Methods: Narrative review of primary studies, systematic reviews, and reports from WHO, IARC, and national environmental agencies published between 2005 and 2024. Results: Inhalation of PM2.5 and coarser particles triggers pulmonary inflammation, oxidative stress, systemic vascular injury, neurological impairment, and carcinogenesis. An estimated 6.7 million deaths annually are attributable to ambient air pollution. Conclusion: Urgent regulatory action, technological innovation, and individual protective measures are required to reduce the disease burden of particulate air pollution globally 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z http://repo.tma.uz/xmlui/handle/1/3907 THE NEGATIVE IMPACT OF DIGITAL GADGETS ON THE HEALTH OF SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN:A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF PHYSICAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL, AND NEUROLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES Bakhodir Rakhimov, Erkin Sultanov, Zaripov Sanjarbek, Muminov Ozodbek Background: The proliferation of digital devices — smartphones, tablets, computers, and gaming consoles — among school-age children and adolescents has transformed childhood environments, with associated health consequences that are increasingly recognized as significant public health concerns. Objective: This article systematically reviews evidence on the negative health impacts of excessive gadget use among school children, including musculoskeletal, ophthalmological, neurological, psychological, and sleep-related consequences. Methods: Narrative review of peer-reviewed literature, systematic reviews, and international health organization reports published between 2010 and 2024. Results: Excessive screen time is associated with myopia progression, musculoskeletal disorders, sleep disruption, attention deficits, anxiety, depression, and social developmental delays. The Andijon region of Uzbekistan and similar Central Asian school-age populations are at elevated risk due to rapidly increasing device penetration without commensurate health literacy. Conclusion: Evidence-based digital health guidelines, school health programs, and parental education campaigns are critical to mitigate the adverse health effects of unregulated gadget use in children. 2026-04-01T00:00:00Z http://repo.tma.uz/xmlui/handle/1/3906 METABOLIC AND ENDOCRINE CONSEQUENCES OF CHILDHOOD OBESITY: FROM INSULIN RESISTANCE TO NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE Bakhodir Rakhimov, Erkin Sultanov, Qoʻziyeva Nilufar Background: Childhood obesity is associated with a complex constellation of metabolic and endocrine disturbances that, if unaddressed, predict adult chronic disease with high fidelity. Objective: This review examines the specific metabolic pathways through which excess adiposity in childhood leads to insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), dyslipidemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and reproductive endocrine disorders. Methods: Systematic narrative review of clinical studies, endocrinological investigations, and population cohort data from 2008 to 2024. Results: Adipose tissue expansion drives inflammatory cytokine production, free fatty acid spillover, and ectopic lipid deposition. These processes produce hepatic and peripheral insulin resistance, progressive β-cell dysfunction, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and in adolescent girls, polycystic ovarian syndrome. Conclusion: Early identification and intervention targeting metabolic comorbidities of childhood obesity are essential to preventing a generation-wide chronic disease epidemic. 2026-04-01T00:00:00Z