Abstract:
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic disorder
characterized by persistent and progressive bronchial obstruction and is not limited
to local respiratory abnormalities, but is also accompanied by systemic effects and
various comorbid conditions. In addition to local bronchopulmonary inflammation,
systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, hypoxemia, and
microcirculatory disturbances play an important role in the pathogenesis of the
disease. These mechanisms may contribute to the development of various comorbid
conditions in COPD, including impairment of renal functional status.
