The Role of Hormonal Imbalance in the Development of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Women Associated with Ovulatory Dysfunction

Abstract

Aim: To study the role of hormonal imbalance in the development of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) in women associated with ovulatory dysfunction. Materials and Methods: The study included 100 women with AUB associated with ovulatory dysfunction, of which 50 women were of early reproductive age (Group I) and 50 women were of late reproductive age (Group II). The control group consisted of 30 healthy women without menstrual cycle disorders and signs of ovulatory dysfunction. The study involved the collection of anamnesis, gynecological examination, transvaginal ultrasound, hormonal analysis (determination of estradiol, progesterone, FSH, LH, prolactin, and testosterone levels), and biochemical blood analysis. Statistical processing was performed using SPSS version 25.0. Results: The average age of women with AUB of early reproductive age was 28.3 ± 4.1 years, and for women of late reproductive age, it was 39.5 ± 3.7 years. Body mass index (BMI) was comparable across all groups. Hormonal analysis showed that estradiol, FSH, LH, and prolactin levels were significantly higher, while progesterone levels were significantly lower in women with AUB associated with ovulatory dysfunction compared to the control group. Correlation analysis revealed significant associations between hormone levels and clinical manifestations of ovulatory dysfunction. Conclusion: Women with abnormal uterine bleeding caused by ovulatory dysfunction exhibit characteristic hormonal changes, including high levels of estradiol, low levels of progesterone, and elevated levels of FSH, LH, and prolactin. These changes can serve as markers for the diagnosis and prognosis of AUB and for the development of targeted therapeutic strategies. Regular monitoring of hormonal indicators and a comprehensive approach to treatment are necessary to optimize clinical outcomes in women with AUB associated with ovulatory dysfunction.