Prognostic value of hormonal, immunological and ultrasonographic parameters in fertility restoration among women of late reproductive age

Abstract

This study evaluated the prognostic significance of hormonal (FSH, LH, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, AMH), immunological (VEGF, TGF-β, and IGF-1), and ultrasonographic (ovarian volume, antral follicle count, endometrial thickness) parameters in fertility restoration among women of late reproductive age with diminished ovarian reserve. Based on ROC analysis, the sensitivity and specificity of these markers were determined, providing a scientific foundation for the development of an individualized reproductive prediction model.