APPLICATION OF NEW INNOVATIVE METHODS IN CARDIAC SURGERY

Abstract

Over the past decades, cardiac surgery has become one of the most innovative fields in modern medicine. As cardiovascular diseases remain among the leading causes of death worldwide, there is a growing need to improve surgical techniques and enhance safety levels [3]. In contemporary cardiac surgery, minimally invasive, robot-assisted, transcatheter, and mechanical assistive technologies are being widely implemented [10]. Minimally invasive operations are performed through small incisions without opening the chest cavity, which reduces recovery time, minimizes pain, and improves the patient’s quality of life. Robotic systems—particularly the Da Vinci Surgical Complex—allow surgeons to perform complex cardiac procedures with exceptional precision [7]. Likewise, the Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) technique enables valve replacement without opening the heart or stopping blood circulation, making it especially effective for high-risk patients [2]. Mechanical circulatory support devices such as LVAD and ECMO provide temporary or long-term assistance in cases of heart failure [5]. Furthermore, regenerative medicine and stem cell therapies open up new prospects for the restoration of cardiac tissues. This paper analyzes the practical importance, advantages, existing challenges, and future directions of modern technologies in cardiac surgery. The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and digital technologies in surgery has improved the efficiency and precision of operations [6]. AI-based analysis systems model the patient’s cardiac performance, identify risk factors, and assist the surgeon in making individualized decisions—reducing the duration of procedures and minimizing postoperative complications. 3D visualization and simulation programs make it possible to model complex heart surgeries beforehand, simplifying training for young surgeons. In addition, Virtual Reality (VR)-based learning modules are proving essential in enhancing practical surgical experience [8]. Advances in genetic engineering now allow for early detection and prevention of cardiac diseases. By analyzing genetic mutations affecting the heart muscle, individualized treatment strategies can be developed [1]. Telemedicine and remote monitoring systems are increasingly utilized in cardiac practice, enabling postoperative patients to be monitored continuously from home. This ensures ongoing communication between doctor and patient [9]. Looking ahead, biomaterials and nanoimplants are expected to expand the possibilities of cardiac tissue regeneration, potentially serving as alternatives to heart transplantation [4]. Overall, the deep integration of modern technologies in cardiac surgery marks not only a means of saving lives but also a new era in the fight against heart disease. Accepted: September 20th 2025