THE ROLE OF MINERALS IN THE DAILY DIET OF PREGNANT WOMEN DURING THE SECOND TRIMESTER: A HYGIENIC ANALYSIS

Abstract

The second trimester, which includes 13-26 weeks of pregnancy, is characterized by intensive growth and development of the fetus. At this stage, along with essential nutrients for the mother's body and fetal health, the role of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates, as well as the need for minerals such as iron, iodine, zinc, and selenium, increases significantly. Along with calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium in the daily diet of pregnant women, minerals such as heme iron, zinc, selenium, and iodine play an important physiological role in bone formation, oxygen transport, enzyme activity, and the development of basic systems. Vitamins participate in the absorption of essential nutrients. The main role of B vitamins in the development of fetal brain function during pregnancy is significant. The purpose of the study is to conduct a hygienic analysis of the quantitative content of minerals and vitamins in the daily diet of pregnant women in the second trimester and their influence on the health of the mother and fetus. Data were collected from a cohort of 150 pregnant women in their second trimester through dietary surveys, including 24-hour dietary recall and food frequency questionnaires. Biochemical analyses were performed to measure serum levels of key minerals, and the results were compared to the recommended dietary allowances (RDAs) for pregnant women. Statistical analyses were employed to identify patterns, correlations, and potential risk factors associated with mineral deficiencies or excesses. The findings revealed significant gaps in mineral intake among the study participants. Specifically, 45% of the women had inadequate calcium intake, which is critical for fetal skeletal development. Iron deficiency was observed in 60% of the participants, correlating with a higher prevalence of maternal anemia. Zinc intake was suboptimal in 35% of the women, potentially compromising immune function and fetal growth. Magnesium deficiency was noted in 25% of the participants, which could impact muscle function and glucose metabolism. Additionally, 20% of the women had insufficient iodine intake, raising concerns about thyroid function and fetal brain development. The study underscores the importance of a balanced and hygienic approach to nutrition during the second trimester of pregnancy. Adequate mineral intake is essential to prevent complications such as preterm birth, low birth weight, and developmental abnormalities. The findings highlight the need for tailored dietary recommendations and, when necessary, appropriate supplementation to address specific deficiencies. Healthcare providers should emphasize the importance of dietary diversity and educate pregnant women on the critical role of minerals in ensuring optimal maternal and fetal health. This research contributes to the growing body of evidence on the significance of mineral nutrition during pregnancy and calls for further studies to explore the long-term effects of mineral imbalances. Targeted interventions and public health strategies are needed to improve the nutritional status of pregnant women, particularly in regions with limited access to nutrient-dense foods.