Role of Bacteria in Acute and Chronic Rhinosinusitis Etiology and Sensitivity to Modern Antibiotics

Abstract

The treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases in the upper respiratory tract remains a significant challenge in modern medicine. Among these, rhinosinusitis occupies a prominent place, with increasing concern over microbial resistance and complications. This study aimed to analyze the bacterial flora involved in acute (ARS) and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and assess their antibiotic sensitivity. A total of 48 patients were examined, with bacterial cultures taken for identification. The results revealed that CRS displayed a higher prevalence of bacterial associations compared to ARS, with anaerobic bacteria and fungal elements being more dominant in CRS cases. Notably, gram positive cocci such as Staphylococcus and Streptococcus spp. were predominant in both conditions. Antibiotic sensitivity testing demonstrated high efficacy of cephalosporins and quinolones against Staphylococcus spp., while Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed sensitivity to specific cephalosporins and quinolones. The findings underscore the need for tailored antibiotic regimens based on microbial profiles to reduce treatment duration and prevent complications.