THE IMPACT OF VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY ON LEARNING PERFORMANCE AND NERVOUS SYSTEM FUNCTION IN SCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN

Abstract

Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) plays a critical role in the development of the central nervous system, myelin synthesis, and DNA biosynthesis. Recent epidemiological and clinical studies indicate that vitamin B12 deficiency in children is associated not only with hematological disorders but also with impairments in cognitive functions and academic performance. Evidence suggests that children with B12 deficiency exhibit significant reductions in attention, memory, and information processing speed, along with poorer academic achievement. For instance, children with low B12 levels have been reported to have a 2.36-fold higher risk of grade repetition. Neurologically, this deficiency may lead to peripheral neuropathy, ataxia, developmental delay, and impaired concentration. This article analyzes the impact of vitamin B12 deficiency on cognitive development, learning performance, and nervous system function in children based on contemporary scientific literature.