HERPES ZOSTER IN CHILDREN AND ADULTS: PREVENTION AND MODERN TREATMENT METHODS

Abstract

Shingles (Herpes Zoster) is a viral disease caused by the reactivation of the Varicella-Zoster virus (VZV), which persists in a latent state within the sensory ganglia after primary infection with chickenpox. This reactivation typically occurs when the immune system is compromised, making elderly individuals, people with chronic illnesses, and children with immunodeficiencies particularly susceptible to the disease. Clinically, shingles presents as a painful, vesicular rash localized along a dermatome, often accompanied by neurological symptoms such as burning, itching, and, in severe cases, postherpetic neuralgia. While the disease is more frequently observed in older adults, its occurrence in children, especially those with weakened immune systems, highlights the need for thorough preventive and treatment strategies. This article explores the clinical features of shingles in different age groups, emphasizing the importance of modern preventive measures, including the role of vaccination in reducing disease incidence and severity. The analysis of recent scientific studies underscores that early diagnosis and prompt antiviral therapy significantly reduce the risk of complications, such as postherpetic neuralgia, secondary bacterial infections, and neurological impairments. Furthermore, advancements in immunotherapy and the development of more effective antiviral medications have improved patient outcomes. By reviewing current treatment protocols and the latest research on shingles management, this article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the disease, its impact on public health, and the most effective strategies for prevention and treatment.