Abstract:
In pregnant women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), immuno-rheumatological parameters—including antinuclear antibodies (ANA), anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies (anti-dsDNA), complement components C3 and C4, C-reactive protein (CRP), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)—demonstrate significant changes across each trimester of pregnancy. This article analyzes the dynamics of these biomarkers over the past five years of scientific research, their association with SLE disease activity, and their impact on pregnancy outcomes. These biomarkers play an important role in predicting maternal immune response and SLE activity and are essential for clinical monitoring
