Narrowing of the upper jaw and nasal cavity

Abstract

There are no intravital planimetric and volumetric measurements of the nasal cavity in rhinology. The available data are based on anthropometric studies of skeletal remains of the human skull, which have small clinical significance. Aim. To study the vertical and transversal dimensions of the nasal cavity with the narrowing of the upper jaw in children using a facial teleroentgenography (facial TRG, syn: facial tele-X-ray cephalograms, teleradiography). Materials and methods. The vertical and transversal dimensions of the nasal cavity, the degree of disturbance of the proportionality of these dimensions in the narrowing of the upper jaw was estimated on the basis of data of facial TRG of the head. Facial TRG was performed in 96 children: 50 with normal bite and without pathology of ENT organs (control group “I”), which were divided by periods of bite formation (replaceable bite - 30 children (control group “Ia”) and permanent bite – 20 (control group“Ib”)) and in 46 children aged 7- 12 years with narrowing of the upper jaw narrowing of the upper jaw and difficulty in nasal breathing. The severity of the narrowing of the upper jaw was assessed by NG Snagina (1966): the first subgroup (“IIa”) is children with a moderately pronounced form of constriction (n = 20), the second subgroup (“IIb”) with a pronounced form of constriction (n = 26). For the metric analysis of the facial TRG shell we used our own calculation scheme and the Lucien de Coster method. Results. The dynamics of the vertical and horizontal narrowing of the wall of the nasal cavity occurs simultaneously, harmoniously and synchronously. The height of the nasal cavity depends on the depth of the hard palate. The severity of X-ray clinical picture of the deformation of the nasal septum depends on the depth of the hard palate and the height of the nasal cavity. Conclusions. With pronounced narrowing of the upper jaw, the transversal size of the nasal cavity decreases synchronously, and when the hard palate (“gothic palate”) is high, its vertical size decreases, and rough deformations of the nasal septum develop accordingly.