Abstract:
Dental arch defects represent one of the most complex interdisciplinary problems in
modern restorative and rehabilitative dentistry due to their significant impact on orofacial
esthetics, masticatory function, and psychosocial well-being. Esthetic disturbances associated
with missing teeth are not limited to visible dental asymmetry but extend to alveolar bone
resorption, soft tissue collapse, facial disharmony, and occlusal instability. The present
theoretical and analytical review aims to systematize current scientific knowledge regarding the
diagnosis of esthetic disorders in patients with dental arch defects and to substantiate the
principles of comprehensive rehabilitation based on anatomical, histological, biomechanical, and
statistical data. Particular attention is given to trauma-related tooth loss as a globally relevant
etiological factor, supported by epidemiological trends reported in contemporary scientific
literature. Diagnostic criteria are analyzed from the perspective of facial proportions, smile
analysis, periodontal biotype, and alveolar ridge morphology. Rehabilitation strategies are
discussed as a complex, staged process integrating prosthetic, orthodontic, and functional
concepts. This review highlights the necessity of evidence-based diagnostic frameworks to
optimize esthetic outcomes and long-term stability in dental rehabilitation.
