Abstract:
Chronic anemia refers to a prolonged reduction in the number of red blood cells or hemoglobin
levels, resulting in impaired oxygen delivery to tissues. It often occurs as a complication of chronic
diseases such as autoimmune disorders, infections, malignancies, and kidney disease. The
pathophysiology of chronic anemia can involve decreased red blood cell production, increased
destruction, or chronic blood loss, with the most common forms being anemia of chronic disease
(ACD), iron-deficiency anemia (IDA), and megaloblastic anemia. Diagnosis is typically made
through laboratory tests such as complete blood count (CBC), iron studies, and vitamin B12/folate
levels. Management depends on the underlying cause and may include iron supplementation,
erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, vitamin replacement, or blood transfusions. Chronic anemia
significantly affects patients' quality of life, underscoring the need for prompt diagnosis and
targeted treatment.
