Abstract:
Inflammatory mediators, particularly cytokines and prostaglandins, play a pivotal
role in both acute and chronic inflammatory responses.Their complex biochemical signaling
pathways determine the magnitude, duration,and systemic impact of inflammation.This article
provides a comprehensive analysis of the molecular biology of major cytokines and
prostaglandins, their role inpathophysiology, and detailed pharmacodynamic mechanisms of
drug classes targeting these mediators, including NSAIDs,COX-2 inhibitors, corticosteroids,
and emerging biologics. Special attention is given to the therapeutic potential and clinical
limitations of cytokine-targeting monoclonal antibodies and small-molecule inhibitors. The
review emphasizes current scientific perspectives,unresolved challenges, and future directions
in developing safer and more selective anti-inflammatory agents.
