Abstract:
This article describes the anatomical and physiological foundations of the human sensory
system, as well as methods of its clinical examination. The article provides a detailed analysis of
dermatomes, ascending spinal pathways, and various sensory modalities — light touch, pain, temperature,
vibration sense, proprioception, graphesthesia, and stereognosis. Pathological conditions such as sensory
disturbances, sensory and cerebellar ataxia, paresthesia, hyperesthesia, and hypoesthesia, as well as
methods for their clinical assessment, are also discussed. The article emphasizes the theoretical and
practical aspects of neurological examination, including the Romberg test and standardized scoring systems
used to evaluate a patient’s sensory status. The annotation offers scientifically based recommendations for
identifying and assessing sensory system disorders and applying them in neurological practice.
