FUNCTIONAL AND CLINICAL ASPECTS OF THE SENSORY SYSTEM

Abstract

This article describes the anatomical and physiological foundations of the human sensory system, as well as methods of its clinical examination. The article provides a detailed analysis of dermatomes, ascending spinal pathways, and various sensory modalities — light touch, pain, temperature, vibration sense, proprioception, graphesthesia, and stereognosis. Pathological conditions such as sensory disturbances, sensory and cerebellar ataxia, paresthesia, hyperesthesia, and hypoesthesia, as well as methods for their clinical assessment, are also discussed. The article emphasizes the theoretical and practical aspects of neurological examination, including the Romberg test and standardized scoring systems used to evaluate a patient’s sensory status. The annotation offers scientifically based recommendations for identifying and assessing sensory system disorders and applying them in neurological practice.